Efficacy of All- Trans -Retinoic Acid in High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Overexpression of EVI1

Introduction EVI1 (MECOM) -positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have shown in vitro sensitivity to all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA) by inducing differentiation, cell death, and decreased leukemic engraftment. Methods In this pilot study, we investigated the response to ATRA in 13 high-risk AML patients with overexpression of EVI1 . Results Seven of the 13 patients (53.8%) achieved complete remission (CR), and response can be combined with a decreased of the leukemia stem cell pool. Conclusion These primary results tend to confirm in vitro results and suggest that addition of ATRA might be of benefit in the treatment of patients with EVI1 -positive AML.