Evaluation of Three Field Rewarming Techniques During Cold Weather Military Training.

INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 rewarming techniques to determine how warfighters, and perhaps other populations in wilderness environments, should prioritize field rewarming options after a brief accidental immersion in cold water. METHODS:As part of a cold weather military training exercise, 31 military personnel (mean±SD age: 26±5 y, height: 180±10 cm, weight: 83.2±10.9 kg) completed a 10-min immersion in cold (0°C) water and subsequently rewarmed for 60 min using 3 different field rewarming techniques (sleeping bag, sleeping bag + warm fluids, or exercise). Heart rate, core and skin temperatures, thermal and shivering sensations, and manual dexterity (intravenous setup and insertion) were measured during the training exercise. RESULTS:Cold water immersion decreased core temperature (pre: 37.4±0.4; post: 36.4±1.0°C; P<0.001) and mean skin temperature (pre: 27.9±1.3; post: 15.6±1.8°C; P<0.001) and impaired manual dexterity (intravenous insertion time, pre: 71±12, post: 166±48 s; P<0.001). Recovery from mild cold stress was similar among all 3 rewarming techniques for all measurements. CONCLUSIONS:Findings suggesting similar rewarming responses in field settings are beneficial for the warfighter, and perhaps others, in that rewarming options exist and can be implemented with no compromise in recovery from cold stress.