Quantification of N-Nitrosamines in white Wine using Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Headspace solid-phase microextraction ( HS-SPME ) was used to quantify the concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine ( NDEA ), N-nitrosopiperazine ( NPIP ) and N-nitrosodibutylamine in five white wines produced in different countries worldwide. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer ( GC−MS ) was used for detection and quantification of N-nitrosoamines ( NAms ). Two types of NAms were found in the wines studied: N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodibutilamine. The concentrations of the NAms found were innocuous in all the cases studied. The effects of the microextraction parameters (equilibrium temperature, extraction temperature, ionic strength and extraction time) on the GC–MS signal obtained from the NAms were evaluated. The HS-SPME–GC–MS method was validated by calculating the linearity, repeatability, limits of detection and quantification. Neither NDEA nor NPIP was detected in any of the samples analyzed. The standard additions method was applied for the quantitation of the found NAms using internal standards.