Evidence of Spin-Orbital Angular Momentum Interactions in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.
S Acharya, D Adamová, A Adler,J Adolfsson,M M Aggarwal,G Aglieri Rinella,M Agnello,N Agrawal, Z Ahammed,S Ahmad,S U Ahn,A Akindinov, M Al-Turany,S N Alam, D S D Albuquerque,D Aleksandrov, B Alessandro, H M Alfanda,R Alfaro Molina,B Ali,Y Ali,A Alici,A Alkin,J Alme, T Alt, L Altenkamper,I Altsybeev, M N Anaam,C Andrei,D Andreou,H A Andrews, A Andronic, M Angeletti,V Anguelov,C Anson, T Antičić, F Antinori, P Antonioli, R Anwar,N Apadula,L Aphecetche,H Appelshäuser, S Arcelli,R Arnaldi,M Arratia,I C Arsene, M Arslandok, A Augustinus, R Averbeck,S Aziz,M D Azmi, A Badalà,Y W Baek, S Bagnasco, X Bai, R Bailhache,R Bala, A Baldisseri,M Ball,S Balouza,R Barbera,L Barioglio,G G Barnaföldi,L S Barnby,V Barret,P Bartalini, K Barth,E Bartsch,F Baruffaldi,N Bastid,S Basu,G Batigne, B Batyunya,D Bauri,J L Bazo Alba,I G Bearden,C Bedda,N K Behera,I Belikov,A D C Bell Hechavarria,F Bellini,R Bellwied,V Belyaev,G Bencedi,S Beole,A Bercuci,Y Berdnikov,D Berenyi, R A Bertens, D Berzano, M G Besoiu,L Betev,A Bhasin,I R Bhat,M A Bhat,H Bhatt,B Bhattacharjee,A Bianchi,L Bianchi,N Bianchi, J Bielčík, J Bielčíková, A Bilandzic,G Biro,R Biswas,S Biswas,J T Blair, D Blau,C Blume,G Boca,F Bock,A Bogdanov,S Boi, L Boldizsár,A Bolozdynya, M Bombara,G Bonomi, H Borel, A Borissov, H Bossi,E Botta, L Bratrud, P Braun-Munzinger,M Bregant, M Broz, E J Brucken, E Bruna,G E Bruno, M D Buckland, D Budnikov, H Buesching, S Bufalino, O Bugnon,P Buhler, P Buncic,Z Buthelezi,J B Butt,J T Buxton,S A Bysiak, D Caffarri, A Caliva,E Calvo Villar,R S Camacho, P Camerini,A A Capon,F Carnesecchi,R Caron,J Castillo Castellanos,A J Castro,E A R Casula,F Catalano,C Ceballos Sanchez,P Chakraborty,S Chandra,W Chang, S Chapeland,M Chartier,S Chattopadhyay,A Chauvin,C Cheshkov,B Cheynis,V Chibante Barroso, D D Chinellato,S Cho, P Chochula,T Chowdhury,P Christakoglou,C H Christensen,P Christiansen,T Chujo, C Cicalo, L Cifarelli,F Cindolo,J Cleymans,F Colamaria,D Colella, A Collu,M Colocci,M Concas,G Conesa Balbastre,Z Conesa Del Valle,G Contin,J G Contreras, T M Cormier,Y Corrales Morales,P Cortese,M R Cosentino,F Costa,S Costanza,P Crochet,E Cuautle,P Cui,L Cunqueiro, D Dabrowski, T Dahms, A Dainese, F P A Damas, M C Danisch, A Danu,D Das,I Das,P Das,S Das,A Dash,S Dash,S De,A De Caro,G de Cataldo,J de Cuveland,A De Falco,D De Gruttola,N De Marco,S De Pasquale,S Deb,B Debjani,H F Degenhardt, K R Deja, A Deloff,S Delsanto,D Devetak, P Dhankher,D Di Bari,A Di Mauro,R A Diaz,T Dietel,P Dillenseger,Y Ding, R Divià, D U Dixit, Ø Djuvsland,U Dmitrieva,A Dobrin, B Dönigus,O Dordic,A K Dubey, A Dubla,S Dudi, M Dukhishyam,P Dupieux, R J Ehlers,V N Eikeland,D Elia,H Engel, E Epple,B Erazmus,F Erhardt,A Erokhin, M R Ersdal,B Espagnon,G Eulisse,D Evans,S Evdokimov,L Fabbietti, M Faggin, J Faivre,F Fan,A Fantoni, M Fasel,P Fecchio,A Feliciello,G Feofilov,A Fernández Téllez,A Ferrero,A Ferretti,A Festanti,V J G Feuillard,J Figiel, S Filchagin, D Finogeev, F M Fionda, G Fiorenza,F Flor, S Foertsch, P Foka,S Fokin, E Fragiacomo, U Frankenfeld, U Fuchs, C Furget,A Furs,M Fusco Girard,J J Gaardhøje, M Gagliardi,A M Gago,A Gal,C D Galvan,P Ganoti, C Garabatos,E Garcia-Solis,K Garg,C Gargiulo, A Garibli, K Garner,P Gasik,E F Gauger,M B Gay Ducati,M Germain,J Ghosh,P Ghosh,S K Ghosh,P Gianotti,P Giubellino,P Giubilato, P Glässel,D M Goméz Coral,A Gomez Ramirez,V Gonzalez, P González-Zamora,S Gorbunov, L Görlich,S Gotovac,V Grabski,L K Graczykowski,K L Graham,L Greiner, A Grelli, C Grigoras, V Grigoriev,A Grigoryan,S Grigoryan, O S Groettvik,F Grosa,J F Grosse-Oetringhaus,R Grosso, R Guernane, M Guittiere,K Gulbrandsen,T Gunji,A Gupta,R Gupta,I B Guzman, R Haake, M K Habib, C Hadjidakis,H Hamagaki,G Hamar,M Hamid, R Hannigan,M R Haque, A Harlenderova,J W Harris,A Harton, J A Hasenbichler,H Hassan,D Hatzifotiadou, P Hauer,S Hayashi,S T Heckel, E Hellbär,H Helstrup, A Herghelegiu,T Herman,E G Hernandez,G Herrera Corral, F Herrmann,K F Hetland, T E Hilden,H Hillemanns,C Hills, B Hippolyte,B Hohlweger,D Horak,A Hornung,S Hornung,R Hosokawa,P Hristov,C Huang,C Hughes,P Huhn, T J Humanic, H Hushnud, L A Husova,N Hussain,S A Hussain,D Hutter, J P Iddon, R Ilkaev, M Inaba, G M Innocenti, M Ippolitov, A Isakov,M S Islam,M Ivanov,V Ivanov,V Izucheev,B Jacak, N Jacazio, P M Jacobs,S Jadlovska,J Jadlovsky,S Jaelani,C Jahnke,M J Jakubowska,M A Janik,T Janson,M Jercic, O Jevons,M Jin,F Jonas, P G Jones,J Jung,M Jung, A Jusko,P Kalinak, A Kalweit,V Kaplin,S Kar,A Karasu Uysal, O Karavichev, T Karavicheva,P Karczmarczyk, E Karpechev,A Kazantsev, U Kebschull,R Keidel,M Keil,B Ketzer, Z Khabanova,A M Khan,S Khan,S A Khan, A Khanzadeev,Y Kharlov,A Khatun,A Khuntia,B Kileng,B Kim,D Kim,D J Kim,E J Kim,H Kim,J Kim,J S Kim,J Kim,M Kim,S Kim,T Kim,S Kirsch,I Kisel, S Kiselev,A Kisiel,J L Klay,C Klein,J Klein,S Klein,C Klein-Bösing,M Kleiner,A Kluge, M L Knichel, A G Knospe,C Kobdaj, M K Köhler,T Kollegger,A Kondratyev, N Kondratyeva,E Kondratyuk,J Konig,P J Konopka, L Koska,O Kovalenko,V Kovalenko,M Kowalski, I Králik,A Kravčáková,L Kreis,M Krivda, F Krizek,K Krizkova Gajdosova,M Krüger,E Kryshen, M Krzewicki,A M Kubera,V Kučera,C Kuhn, P G Kuijer,L Kumar,S Kumar,S Kundu, P Kurashvili, A Kurepin, A B Kurepin, A Kuryakin, S Kushpil,J Kvapil, M J Kweon, J Y Kwon, Y Kwon,S L La Pointe,P La Rocca,Y S Lai, R Langoy,K Lapidus,A Lardeux, P Larionov, E Laudi,R Lavicka, T Lazareva,R Lea, L Leardini,J Lee,S Lee, F Lehas,S Lehner, J Lehrbach,R C Lemmon,I León Monzón, E D Lesser, M Lettrich,P Lévai,X Li,X L Li,J Lien,R Lietava,B Lim,V Lindenstruth, S W Lindsay,C Lippmann, M A Lisa,V Litichevskyi,A Liu,S Liu,W J Llope, I M Lofnes,V Loginov, C Loizides,P Loncar,X Lopez,E López Torres, J R Luhder,M Lunardon, G Luparello,Y Ma, A Maevskaya,M Mager,S M Mahmood,T Mahmoud,A Maire,R D Majka,M Malaev, Q W Malik,L Malinina,D Mal'Kevich, P Malzacher,G Mandaglio,V Manko, F Manso,V Manzari,Y Mao,M Marchisone,J Mareš,G V Margagliotti, A Margotti,J Margutti,A Marín,C Markert, M Marquard,N A Martin,P Martinengo,J L Martinez,M I Martínez,G Martínez García,M Martinez Pedreira, S Masciocchi,M Masera, A Masoni, L Massacrier,E Masson, A Mastroserio,A M Mathis,O Matonoha,P F T Matuoka, A Matyja,C Mayer,M Mazzilli,M A Mazzoni, A F Mechler,F Meddi,Y Melikyan,A Menchaca-Rocha, C Mengke, E Meninno, M Meres,S Mhlanga,Y Miake, L Micheletti, D L Mihaylov,K Mikhaylov, A Mischke,A N Mishra,D Miśkowiec, A Modak,N Mohammadi, A P Mohanty,B Mohanty,M Mohisin Khan, C Mordasini,D A Moreira De Godoy, L A P Moreno,I Morozov,A Morsch, T Mrnjavac, V Muccifora,E Mudnic,D Mühlheim,S Muhuri,J D Mulligan,M G Munhoz, R H Munzer,H Murakami,S Murray, L Musa, J Musinsky,C J Myers, J W Myrcha,B Naik,R Nair,B K Nandi, R Nania, E Nappi,M U Naru, A F Nassirpour,C Nattrass,R Nayak, T K Nayak,S Nazarenko,A Neagu,R A Negrao De Oliveira,L Nellen,S V Nesbo, G Neskovic, D Nesterov, L T Neumann,B S Nielsen, S Nikolaev,S Nikulin,V Nikulin, F Noferini, P Nomokonov,J Norman,N Novitzky,P Nowakowski, A Nyanin, J Nystrand,M Ogino, A Ohlson,J Oleniacz,A C Oliveira Da Silva,M H Oliver,C Oppedisano,R Orava,A Ortiz Velasquez,A Oskarsson, J Otwinowski,K Oyama,Y Pachmayer,V Pacik,D Pagano,G Paić,J Pan,A K Pandey,S Panebianco,P Pareek,J Park,J E Parkkila,S Parmar,S P Pathak,R N Patra,B Paul,H Pei, T Peitzmann,X Peng,L G Pereira,H Pereira Da Costa, D Peresunko,G M Perez,E Perez Lezama,V Peskov,Y Pestov, V Petráček,M Petrovici, R P Pezzi,S Piano,M Pikna, P Pillot,O Pinazza,L Pinsky,C Pinto,S Pisano,D Pistone,M Płoskoń,M Planinic,F Pliquett, J Pluta,S Pochybova, M G Poghosyan, B Polichtchouk,N Poljak,A Pop,H Poppenborg,S Porteboeuf-Houssais,V Pozdniakov,S K Prasad,R Preghenella, F Prino,C A Pruneau,I Pshenichnov,M Puccio, J Putschke, R E Quishpe, S Ragoni,S Raha,S Rajput,J Rak, A Rakotozafindrabe,L Ramello,F Rami, R Raniwala, S Raniwala,S S Räsänen,R Rath,V Ratza,I Ravasenga,K F Read,K Redlich,A Rehman, P Reichelt,F Reidt,X Ren, R Renfordt, Z Rescakova,J-P Revol, K Reygers,V Riabov, T Richert,M Richter,P Riedler,W Riegler, F Riggi,C Ristea,S P Rode,M Rodríguez Cahuantzi,K Røed, R Rogalev,E Rogochaya,D Rohr,D Röhrich,P S Rokita,F Ronchetti, E D Rosas, K Roslon,A Rossi,A Rotondi,A Roy, P Roy,O V Rueda,R Rui,B Rumyantsev,A Rustamov,E Ryabinkin,Y Ryabov, A Rybicki, H Rytkonen, O A M Saarimaki,S Sadhu,S Sadovsky,K Šafařík,S K Saha,B Sahoo,P Sahoo, R Sahoo,S Sahoo,P K Sahu,J Saini,S Sakai,S Sambyal,V Samsonov,D Sarkar,N Sarkar,P Sarma,V M Sarti,M H P Sas,E Scapparone,B Schaefer, J Schambach, H S Scheid, C Schiaua,R Schicker,A Schmah,C Schmidt, H R Schmidt,M O Schmidt,M Schmidt, N V Schmidt, A R Schmier,J Schukraft,Y Schutz,K Schwarz, K Schweda, G Scioli,E Scomparin,M Šefčík, J E Seger,Y Sekiguchi,D Sekihata,I Selyuzhenkov,S Senyukov,D Serebryakov, E Serradilla,A Sevcenco, A Shabanov, A Shabetai,R Shahoyan,W Shaikh, A Shangaraev,A Sharma,H Sharma,M Sharma,N Sharma,A I Sheikh,K Shigaki,M Shimomura,S Shirinkin,Q Shou,Y Sibiriak,S Siddhanta, T Siemiarczuk,D Silvermyr,G Simatovic,G Simonetti,R Singh, V K Singh,V Singhal,T Sinha,B Sitar,M Sitta, T B Skaali, M Slupecki, N Smirnov,R J M Snellings,T W Snellman, C Soncco,J Song,A Songmoolnak,F Soramel,S Sorensen,I Sputowska,J Stachel,I Stan,P Stankus, P J Steffanic, E Stenlund, D Stocco, M M Storetvedt,L D Stritto,A A P Suaide,T Sugitate, C Suire,M Suleymanov,M Suljic,R Sultanov, M Šumbera,S Sumowidagdo,S Swain,A Szabo,I Szarka,U Tabassam, G Taillepied,J Takahashi,G J Tambave,S Tang,M Tarhini, M G Tarzila,A Tauro,G Tejeda Muñoz, A Telesca, C Terrevoli,D Thakur,S Thakur,D Thomas, F Thoresen,R Tieulent,A Tikhonov,A R Timmins, A Toia, N Topilskaya,M Toppi, F Torales-Acosta,S R Torres, A Trifiro,S Tripathy,T Tripathy,S Trogolo, G Trombetta, L Tropp,V Trubnikov,W H Trzaska,T P Trzcinski,B A Trzeciak,T Tsuji, A Tumkin,R Turrisi, T S Tveter, K Ullaland, E N Umaka,A Uras,G L Usai,A Utrobicic,M Vala,N Valle,S Vallero,N van der Kolk,L V R van Doremalen,M van Leeuwen,P Vande Vyvre,D Varga, Z Varga, M Varga-Kofarago,A Vargas, M Vasileiou,A Vasiliev,O Vázquez Doce,V Vechernin,A M Veen,E Vercellin,S Vergara Limón, L Vermunt,R Vernet,R Vértesi,L Vickovic,Z Vilakazi,O Villalobos Baillie,A Villatoro Tello, G Vino, A Vinogradov,T Virgili,V Vislavicius, A Vodopyanov,B Volkel, M A Völkl,K Voloshin,S A Voloshin,G Volpe,B von Haller,I Vorobyev, D Voscek, J Vrláková,B Wagner,M Weber,S G Weber,A Wegrzynek,D F Weiser,S C Wenzel, J P Wessels, J Wiechula, J Wikne,G Wilk,J Wilkinson,G A Willems, E Willsher, B Windelband, M Winn,W E Witt,Y Wu,R Xu,S Yalcin,K Yamakawa,S Yang,S Yano,Z Yin,H Yokoyama,I-K Yoo,J H Yoon,S Yuan, A Yuncu,V Yurchenko,V Zaccolo,A Zaman, C Zampolli,H J C Zanoli,N Zardoshti,A Zarochentsev,P Závada, N Zaviyalov, H Zbroszczyk, M Zhalov,S Zhang,X Zhang,Z Zhang,V Zherebchevskii,D Zhou,Y Zhou,Z Zhou,J Zhu,Y Zhu,A Zichichi, M B Zimmermann,G Zinovjev, N Zurlo
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS（2020）
引用 91|浏览147
摘要
The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons (K*(0) and phi) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element rho(00) is measured at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy root(s)NNof 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector. rho(00) values are found to be less than 1/3 (1/3 implies no spin alignment) at low transverse momentum (p(T) < 2 GeV / c) for K*(0) and phi at a level of 3 sigma and 2 sigma, respectively. No significant spin alignment is observed for the K-S(0) meson (spin = 0) in Pb-Pb collisions and for the vector mesons in pp collisions. The measured spin alignment is unexpectedly large but qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute it to a polarization of quarks in the presence of angular momentum in heavy-ion collisions and a subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination.
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关键词
heavy-ion interactions,spin-orbital
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