Assessment of stress markers in restrained individuals following physical stress with and without sham CED activation.

•Stress biomarkers were measured in exercised then restrained subjects.•Subjects were randomized to the psychological stress of a simulated CED use.•Serum biomarkers that may be associated with excited delirium syndrome were studied.•No statistically significant differences in the biomarkers measured were found.•Copeptin levels trended higher in the psychologically stressed.