Supplementary material and methods

Study participants were recruited by advertising in a local newspaper. Exclusion criteria were treatment with insulin, recent or ongoing infection, history of malignant disease, treatment with antiinflammatory drugs, use of thiazolidinedione-based medications within 3 months, or unstable body weight (±10%) for the past year. Participation also required normal results from the physical examination; electrocardiogram; blood tests for renal function (creatinine), hepatic function (alanine aminotransferase), and thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone); hemoglobin; white blood cell counts; and electrolytes and urinalysis. Using a cross sectional case-control design, participants (n = 24) were divided into four groups based on whether the participants had normal glucose tolerance or T2D according to the result of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The WHO diagnostic criteria for T2D diabetes were used (1). The participants were subsequently divided into two groups based on their BMI (over 30 versus below 30). All participants were given both oral and written information about the experimental procedures before giving their written informed consent.