Sonographic Evaluation of Internal Jugular Vein Diameter and Cross-Sectional Area Measurements in Correlation with Left Ventricular End Diastolic Area ( LVEDA ) as a Tool for Perioperative Assessment of Volume Status and Fluid Therapy in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Area (LVEDA) is a good predictor of preload. One major issue with this parameter is that in the absence of baseline echocardiographic data of absolute levels of LVEDA which varies from patient to patient, depending upon baseline cardiac anatomy and physiology [3] . Another issue that it requires anesthetists with specialized experience who have undergone rigorous training in these techniques [4] .