Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi sNN p = 5 . 02 TeV
A. Dainese,M. C. Danisch,A. Danu,D. Das,I. Das,S. Das,A. Dash,S. Dash,S. De,A. De Caro,G. de Cataldo,C. de Conti,J. de Cuveland,A. De Falco,D. De Gruttola,N. De Marco,S. De Pasquale,A. Deisting,A. Deloff,E. Dénes,C. Deplano,P. Dhankher,D. Di Bari,A. Di Mauro,P. Di Nezza,M. A. Diaz Corchero,T. Dietel,P. Dillenseger,R. Divià,Ø. Djuvsland,A. Dobrin,D. Domenicis Gimenez,B. Dönigus,O. Dordic,T. Drozhzhova,A. Dubla,L. Ducroux,P. Dupieux,R. J. Ehlers,D. Elia,E. Endress,H. Engel,E. Epple,B. Erazmus,I. Erdemir,F. Erhardt,B. Espagnon,M. Estienne,S. Esumi,J. Eum,D. Evans,S. Evdokimov,G. Eyyubova,L. Fabbietti,D. Fabris,J. Faivre,A. Fantoni,M. Fasel,L. Feldkamp,A. Feliciello,G. Feofilov,J. Ferencei,A. Fernández Téllez,E. G. Ferreiro,A. Ferretti,A. Festanti,V. J. G. Feuillard,J. Figiel,M. A. S. Figueredo,S. Filchagin,D. Finogeev,F. M. Fionda,E. M. Fiore,M. G. Fleck,M. Floris,S. Foertsch,P. Foka,S. Fokin,E. Fragiacomo,A. Francescon,U. Frankenfeld,G. G. Fronze,U. Fuchs,C. Furget,A. Furs,M. Fusco Girard,J. J. Gaardhøje,M. Gagliardi,A. M. Gago,M. Gallio,P. Ganoti,C. Gao,C. Garabatos,E. Garcia-Solis,C. Gargiulo,P. Gasik,E. F. Gauger,M. Germain,A. Gheata,M. Gheata,P. Ghosh,S. K. Ghosh,P. Gianotti,P. Giubellino,P. Giubilato,E. Gladysz-Dziadus,P. Glässel,A. Gomez Ramirez,V. Gonzalez,P. González-Zamora,S. Gorbunov,S. Gotovac,V. Grabski,O. A. Grachov,L. K. Graczykowski,K. L. Graham,A. Grelli,A. Grigoras,C. Grigoras,V. Grigoriev,A. Grigoryan,S. Grigoryan,B. Grinyov,J. M. Gronefeld,F. Guber,R. Guernane,B. Guerzoni,K. Gulbrandsen,T. Gunji,A. Gupta,R. Haake,C. Hadjidakis,M. Haiduc,H. Hamagaki,G. Hamar,A. Harton,D. Hatzifotiadou,S. Hayashi,S. T. Heckel,H. Helstrup,A. Herghelegiu,G. Herrera Corral,B. A. Hess,K. F. Hetland,H. Hillemanns,B. Hippolyte,D. Horak,P. Hristov,M. Huang,T. J. Humanic,N. Hussain,T. Hussain,D. Hutter,M. Inaba,E. Incani,M. Ippolitov,M. Irfan,M. Ivanov,V. Ivanov,V. Izucheev,N. Jacazio,P. M. Jacobs,S. Jadlovska,J. Jadlovsky,C. Jahnke,M. J. Jakubowska,M. A. Janik,P. Kalinak,A. Kalweit,J. Kamin,O. Karavichev,T. Karavicheva,L. Karayan,E. Karpechev,U. Kebschull,R. Keidel,M. Keil,M. Mohisin Khan,P. Khan,A. Khanzadeev,Y. Kharlov,B. Kileng,T. Kim,S. Kirsch,I. Kisel,S. Kiselev,A. Kisiel,G. Kiss,J. L. Klay,C. Klein,J. Klein,C. Klein-Bösing,S. Klewin,A. Kluge,A. G. Knospe,C. Kobdaj,M. Kofarago,T. Kollegger,A. Kolojvari,N. Kondratyeva,E. Kondratyuk,A. Konevskikh,M. Kopcik,P. Kostarakis,M. Kour,C. Kouzinopoulos,O. Kovalenko,V. Kovalenko,M. Krivda,E. Kryshen,M. Krzewicki,A. Kumar,J. Kumar,L. Kumar,S. Kumar,P. Kurashvili,A. Kurepin,A. B. Kurepin,A. Kuryakin,Y. Kwon,P. Ladron de Guevara,C. Lagana Fernandes,I. Lakomov,R. Langoy,C. Lara,A. Lardeux,A. Lattuca,E. Laudi,R. Lea,F. Lehas,V. Lenti,E. Leogrande,H. León Vargas,M. Leoncino,P. Lévai,R. Lietava,S. Lindal,V. Lindenstruth,C. Lippmann,M. A. Lisa,H. M. Ljunggren,P. I. Loenne,V. Loginov,C. Loizides,X. Lopez,E. López Torres,A. Lowe,P. Luettig,M. Lunardon,G. Luparello,A. Maevskaya,A. Maire,L. Malinina,A. Mamonov,V. Manko,F. Manso,V. Manzari,M. Marchisone,G. V. Margagliotti,A. Margotti,J. Margutti,A. Marín,C. Markert,M. Marquard,P. Martinengo,M. I. Martínez,G. Martínez García,S. Masciocchi,A. Masoni,L. Massacrier,A. Mastroserio,A. Matyja,C. Mayer,J. Mazer,D. Mcdonald,F. Meddi,Y. Melikyan,A. Menchaca-Rocha,E. Meninno,J. Mercado Pérez,Y. Miake,K. Mikhaylov,A. Mischke,J. Mitra,B. Mohanty
semanticscholar（2016）
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摘要
The theory describing the strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), predicts the existence of a deconfined phase of matter, the quark-gluon plasma, at high temperature and energy density. Ultrarelativistic collisions of nuclei achieve the conditions necessary for the formation of this strongly interacting matter [1,2]. The multiplicity of produced particles is an important property of the collisions related to the collision geometry, the initial parton densities, and the energy density produced. Its dependence on the impact parameter is sensitive to the interplay between particle production from hard and soft processes and coherence effects between individual nucleon-nucleon scatterings. With an increase in the collision energy, the role of hard processes, i.e., parton scatterings with large momentum transfer, increases. After a two-year-long shutdown, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) restarted operation in June 2015 and produced Pb-Pb collisions at a per nucleon center-of-mass energy of ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
