Determination of the Level of Malondialdehyde Forming as a Result of Oxidative Stress Function in Fish

Oxidative stress resulting from degradation of the balance between free radicals in biological systems and antioxidants with a sweeping effect against them indicates an imbalance between the ability of a biological system to easily detoxify reactive intermediary products (metabolites) by producing reactive oxygen species or to repair the resulting damage. There are many protection mechanisms carried out by living beings in order to prevent oxidative damage that is caused by the effects of oxygen radicals. Fish constitute an important food chain in the ecosystem. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a low molecular weight end product of lipid hydroperoxide degradation and is often the final product of lipid peroxidation. It is often used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress in living systems. MDA is an important reactive agent resulting from peroxidation of biological membranes. Oxidative stress in these organisms is not a disease, but it is an important factor that may cause or accelerate a disease. In this review study, the steps of MDA test that was used to measure MDA levels in fish which were exposed to nanomaterials as well as all steps including the preparation of fish tissue specimens, homogenization and centrifugation, addition of supernatant markers, incubation procedure and absorbance measurement are explained in detail..