Chromatin , Gene , and RNA Regulation Selective Inhibition of rDNA Transcription by a Small-Molecule Peptide That Targets the Interface between RNA Polymerase I and Rrn 3

The interface between the polymerase I–associated factor Rrn3 and the 43-kDa subunit of RNA polymerase I is essential to the recruitment of Pol I to the preinitiation complex on the rDNA promoter. In silico analysis identified an evolutionarily conserved 22 amino acid peptide within rpa43 that is both necessary and sufficient to mediate the interaction between rpa43 and Rrn3. This peptide inhibited rDNA transcription in vitro, while a control peptide did not. To determine the effect of the peptide in cultured cells, the peptide was coupled to theHIVTATpeptide to facilitate transduction into cells. The wild-type peptide, but not control peptides, inhibited Pol I transcription and cell division. In addition, the peptide induced cell death, consistent with other observations that "nucleolar stress" results in the death of tumor cells. The 22mer is a small-molecule inhibitor of rDNA transcription that is specific for the interaction between Rrn3 and rpa43, as such it represents an original way to interfere with cell growth. Implications: These results demonstrate a potentially novel pharmaceutical target for the therapeutic treatment of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1586–96. 2014 AACR.