Concentration of norovirus during wastewater 3 treatment and the impact on oyster contamination 4 5 6

1 2 CONCENTRATION OF NOROVIRUS DURING WASTEWATER 3 TREATMENT AND THE IMPACT ON OYSTER CONTAMINATION 4 5 6 John Flannery, Sinéad Keaveney, Paulina Rajko-Nenow, Vincent O’Flaherty* 7 and William Doré 8 9 Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland. 10 *Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National 11 University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 12 13 Running headline: norovirus reduction during waste water treatment 14 15 Correspondence to: 16 Bill Doré 17 Marine Institute, 18 Rinville, 19 Oranmore, 20 Co. Galway, 21 Ireland 22 Tel. +353 91 387224 23 Fax. +353 91 387201 24 Email: bill.dore@marine.ie 25 Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.07569-11 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 24 February 2012