1 Antagonistic interactions between benzo [ a ] pyrene 2 and C 60 in toxicological response of Marine Mussels 3

Audrey Barranger 1,‡,†, Laura M. Langan 1,#,†, Vikram Sharma 1, Graham A. Rance 2,3, Yann Aminot 4 4, Nicola J. Weston 3, Farida Akcha 5, Michael N. Moore 1,6,7, Volker M. Arlt 8,9, Andrei N. 5 Khlobystov 2,3 , James W. Readman 4 and Awadhesh N. Jha 1, * 6 7 1 School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; 8 audrey.barranger@univ-rennes1.fr, laura.langan@plymouth.ac.uk, vikram.sharma@plymouth.ac.uk, 9 a.jha@plymouth.ac.uk 10 2 School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United 11 Kingdom; graham.rance@nottingham.ac.uk, andrei.khlobystov@nottingham.ac.uk 12 3 Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 13 2RD, United Kingdom; nicola.weston@nottingham.ac.uk 14 4 Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; 15 yann.aminot@ifremer.fr, james.readman@plymouth.ac.uk 16 5 Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nantes, France; farida.akcha@ifremer.fr 17 6 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom; mnm@pml.ac.uk 18 7 European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, 19 Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom 20 8 Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, King’s College London, MRC-PHE Centre for 21 Environmental & Health, London, United Kingdom; volker.arlt@kcl.ac.uk 22 9 NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King’s College 23 London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom 24 * Correspondence: a.jha@plymouth.ac.uk; Tel.: +44 1752 584633 25 ‡ Present Address: Université de Rennes 1 / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, 26 Rennes, F-35000, France 27 # Present Address: Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA 28 † These authors contributed equally to this work. 29