New insights into the evolutionary rate of hepatitis B virus at different biological scales 1

Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ; Department of 5 Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical 6 Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan ; Laboratory of Disease Genomics 7 and Individualized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Beijing 100101, China ; Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Chinese Culture 9 University, Taipei 111, Taiwan ; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, National Taiwan 10 University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative 11 Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan ; Genomics Research Center, 12 Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan h 13