Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Grid System

The increasing rise in world energy demands has raised concern on present energy sources sustainability as well as environmental pollution from fossil fuel energy use. This has generated interest and increase use of renewable energy for power generation as one of the major solutions to mitigate the depletion of world energy reserve. Major renewable energy sources, however, are intermittent and therefore, limit their usage. Smart Grid, an evolving concept, is aimed not only to allow maximum use of renewable energy but also to power future vehicles and efficiently economised use of energy. Smart Grid, a modernized power system, is intended to replace the conventional grid and it is a system that pools so many existing and emerging technologies together to manage power grid supplied by widespread, multiple energy resources for electrical energy sustainability, reliability, availability, stability, security and affordability. It is a power system that provides real time information on electric power equipment, grid’s parameters and variables so that the action of electricity users and suppliers can be monitored and managed automatically. This work provides comprehensive review of technicalities of smart grid and its conceptual technologies in a way to take fullest advantages of massive renewable energy deployments and other distributed energy resources.