Restoration of Wetland Ecosystem: A Trajectory Towards a Sustainable Environment

In the current scenario, the world is facing various water-related issues, for instance, water shortage, degradation of water resources, pollution of aquatic systems, and proliferation of waterborne diseases. Moreover, the condition is getting worse in the developing economies because of the integrated effect of anthropogenic activities, escalating demand of resources, and the population explosion. In various developed countries, traditional centralized sewage treatment systems were used for combating water pollution. With the advancement of technologies, wastewater treatment (WWT) systems like activated sludge process, membrane separation, membrane bioreactors, etc. are being employed for treatment of water pollution. However, these expensive systems are not feasible enough for the widespread application along with they are not capable to treat water according to WWT standards. Thus, it is imperative to shift toward the natural way of water purification. In order to meet this demand, protection, restoration, and sustainable use of natural wetlands are essential because of being big reservoir of water on the earth. The present chapter comprehensively describes the importance of natural and artificial wetland (constructed wetland) for human beings toward achieving sustainable environment in a simple, manageable, and cost-effective way.