Chapter 2 Low-Power Circuit Technologies

In this chapter, basic low power techniques are explained including DVFS and other power management such as power gating. Discussion on energy overhead of these techniques is given to understand the limitation on temporal granularity. Normally-off computing tries to apply fine-grain power management with the help of non-volatile memory. Thus, access time and read/write energy of non-volatile memory are also discussed to reveal the condition to reduce energy from the view point of temporal granularity of memory accesses.