Isolation of bioactive compounds from Rumex hastatus extract and their biological evaluation and docking study as potential anti-oxidant and anti-urease agents.

Herein, the methanolic extract ofRumex hastatuswas prepared and subjected to silica gel column chromatographic separation for purification. The chromatographic analysis yielded four bioactive compounds namely, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone (C1, chrysophanol), 3-methoxy-7-methyl-1,5-dihydroxy-anthraquinone (C2), 6-methyl-1,3,7-trihydroxy-anthraquinone (C3), and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (C4). The structures of all the isolated bio-entities were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (1D, 2D-NMR, and MS). The biological potentialities of bioactive compounds were evaluated by determining their antioxidant and anti-urease activities. The results revealed that compound1showed the highest nitrite radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.39 mM) followed byC2 and C4(IC50 = 0.45) mM andC3(IC50 = 0.47 mM). Similarly, the determined IC50 values for anti-urease activity wereC2(IC50 = 0.39 mM),C1(IC50 = 0.40),C4(IC50 = 0.41), andC3(IC50 = 44). Molecular docking study revealed maximum interactions among the hydroxyl group of all compounds. In conclusion,Rumex hastatusextract could be a promising alternative to chemical additives in pharmaceutical industries due to its noteworthy biological activities. Practical applications As we have shown in this study thatRumex hastatusis a prolific source of biologically active compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-urease activities, therefore,R. hastatusextract could be used as a promising alternative to chemical additives in pharmaceutical industries due to its unique compounds and noteworthy biological activities.