An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari V. A.,Ansoldi S.,Antonelli L. A.,Engels A. Arbet,Baack D.,Babić A.,Banerjee B.,de Almeida U. Barres,Barrio J. A.,González J. Becerra,Bednarek W., Bellizzi L.,Bernardini E.,Berti A., Besenrieder J., Bhattacharyya W.,Bigongiari C.,Blanch O.,Bonnoli G.,Bošnjak Ž.,Busetto G., Carosi R., Ceribella G.,Cerruti M., Chai Y.,Chilingarian A.,Cikota S.,Colak S. M., Colin U., Colombo E.,Contreras J. L.,Cortina J.,Covino S., D'Elia V.,Da Vela P.,Dazzi F.,De Angelis A.,De Lotto B.,Delfino M.,Delgado J., Depaoli D.,Di Pierro F.,Di Venere L.,Espiñeira E. Do Souto,Prester D. Dominis, Donini A.,Doro M., Elsaesser D.,Ramazani V. Fallah, Fattorini A.,Ferrara G.,Foffano L.,Fonseca M. V., Font L., Fruck C., Fukami S.,López R. J. García, Garczarczyk M.,Gasparyan S.,Gaug M.,Giglietto N., Giordano F.,Gliwny P., Godinović N.,Green D.,Hadasch D., Hahn A., Herrera J.,Hoang J.,Hrupec D.,Hütten M.,Inada T.,Inoue S., Ishio K., Iwamura Y., Jouvin L., Kajiwara Y.,Kerszberg D.,Kobayashi Y., Kubo H., Kushida J.,Lamastra A., Lelas D.,Leone F., Lindfors E.,Lombardi S.,Longo F.,López M.,López-Coto R.,López-Oramas A.,Loporchio S.,Fraga B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio C.,Majumdar P.,Makariev M.,Mallamaci M.,Maneva G.,Manganaro M.,Maraschi L.,Mariotti M., Martínez M.,Mazin D.,Mender S.,Mićanović S.,Miceli D.,Miener T.,Minev M.,Miranda J. M.,Mirzoyan R.,Molina E.,Moralejo A.,Morcuende D.,Moreno V.,Moretti E., Munar-Adrover P.,Neustroev V.,Nigro C., Nilsson K., Ninci D., Nishijima K.,Noda K., Nogués L., Nozaki S., Ohtani Y.,Oka T., Otero-Santos J., Palatiello M., Paneque D., Paoletti R., Paredes J. M.,Pavletić L., Peñil P.,Peresano M.,Persic M.,Moroni P. G. Prada,Prandini E.,Puljak I.,Ribó M.,Rico J.,Righi C., Rugliancich A.,Saha L.,Sahakyan N., Saito T., Sakurai S., Satalecka K., Schleicher B.,Schmidt K.,Schweizer T.,Sitarek J., Šnidarić I.,Sobczynska D.,Spolon A.,Stamerra A., Strom D.,Strzys M.,Suda Y., Surić T.,Takahashi M.,Tavecchio F.,Temnikov P.,Terzić T., Teshima M.,Torres-Albà N.,Tosti L.,van Scherpenberg J., Vanzo G.,Acosta M. Vazquez,Ventura S.,Verguilov V., Vigorito C. F., Vitale V., Vovk I., Will M.,Zarić D.,Collaboration FACT, :,Baack D., Balbo M.,Beck M., Biederbeck N., Biland A., Blank M.,Bretz T., Bruegge K., Bulinski M.,Buss J., Doerr M., Dorner D., Hildebrand D., Iotov R.,Klinger M.,Mannheim K., Mueller S. Achim, Neise D.,Neronov A., Nöthe M., Paravac A.,Rhode W., Schleicher B., Sedlaczek K.,Shukla A.,Sliusar V.,Tani L., Theissen F.,Walter R.,Collaborators MWL, :, Pulido J. Acosta,Filippenko A. V.,Hovatta T.,Kiehlmann S., Larionov V. M.,Max-Moerbeck W.,Raiteri C. M.,Readhead A. C. S., Šegon M.,Villata M.,Zheng W.

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY（2020）

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摘要

Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at nu(s) >= 10(17) Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the groundbased gamma-ray telescope FACT during a high gamma-ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE gamma-ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The Gamma index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE gamma-ray band is 2.04 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.15(sys). We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.

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关键词

galaxies: active,BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514,gamma-rays: galaxies

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