Oxytocin effects on gazing at the human face in retriever dogs.

Oxytocin is a neurohormone involved in domestic dogs' socio-cognitive abilities which appears to be key in the display of gazing behavior as a communicative signal. However, differential effects of oxytocin have been reported in various tasks according to the dogs' breed. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the intranasal administration of oxytocin on gazing towards the human face in Golden and Labrador Retrievers. This was assessed during a learning task in which dogs had to gaze at the human face in order to receive food that was visible but inaccessible. Results indicate that only intact dogs who received oxytocin exhibited an increase in gazing behavior, while no differences were observed for neutered dogs. This effect could be related to an interaction between oxytocin and steroid hormones in intact dogs. These findings highlight the importance of including modulating factors, such as breed and neutered status, when studying the mechanisms of oxytocin.