Wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography for the detection of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose To compare the ability of wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) to that of ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) and ultra-wide-field color fundus photography (UWF-CP) to detect retinal neovascularization (NV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods In this cross-sectional study, naïve patients with active PDR underwent UWF-FA and UWF-CP using the Optos 200Tx and WF-OCTA with 12 × 12 mm fields of five visual fixations using the PLEX Elite 9000. NV was defined on OCTA when the co-registered B-scan with flow overlay of the vitreoretinal interface (VRI) segmentation showed extraretinal proliferation. Three masked readers examined the UWF-FA, UWF-CP, and WF-OCTA independently for the presence of NV. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the 3 wide-field imaging modalities using OCT B-scan as the reference standard. Results In 82 eyes with PDR, neovascularization of the disc (NVD) was detected in 13 eyes by UWF-CP, 35 eyes with UWF-FA, and 37 eyes with OCTA using the VRI slab. Upon review of the 2500 OCT B-scans with superimposed flow overlay of each eye, NVD was confirmed in 37 eyes. The sensitivity and specificity of NVD detection were 35.1% and 97.8%, respectively for UWF-CP; 94.6% and 100%, respectively, for UWF-FA; and 100% and 100% for WF-OCTA. One hundred ninety-six foci of neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) were identified with the OCT B-scan with superimposed flow overlay. UWF-CP analysis was able to detect 62 foci of NVE of the 196 confirmed by B-scan (31.6% detection rate). An additional 11 foci of NVE seen on UWF-CP were not confirmed by B-Scan (15% false positive rate). There were 182 foci of NVE identified by UWF-FA (detection rate 91.3%), while WF-OCTA detected 196 retinal NVEs (detection rate 100%). The rate of false positives for both UWF-FA and WF-OCTA was low (< 2%). Conclusion WF-OCTA can identify NV that is not evident in UWF-CP and represents a faster and safer alternative to UWF-FA for surveillance of PDR with comparable diagnostic accuracy.