Temporary Trend, Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Background Compared to general population, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may increase frequency of acute pancreatitis (AP); however, evidence regarding effects of HIV infection on AP-related outcomes is limited and controversial. Aims We aim to investigate the temporary trend, characteristics and clinical outcomes of AP infected with HIV. Methods We reviewed data from the 2003–2014 National Inpatient Sample to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of AP. The primary outcomes (in-hospital mortality, acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, and prolonged length of stay [LOS]) and secondary outcomes (gastrointestinal hemorrhage, sepsis and total cost) were compared between patients with and without HIV infection using univariate, multivariable and propensity score matching analyses. Results Of 594,106 patients diagnosed with AP, 6775 (1.14%) had HIV infection. Patients with HIV were more likely to be younger, black, male, less likely to be gallstone-related and had lower rate of interventions. Multivariable analyses based on multiple imputation revealed that HIV infection was associated with higher risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–2.25), acute kidney injury (OR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.19–1.44), prolonged LOS (OR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.15–1.37) and 6% higher cost. There were no differences in sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and respiratory failure between groups. Conclusions HIV infection is associated with adverse outcomes including increased mortality, acute kidney injury and more healthcare utilization in AP patients. More assertive management strategies like early intravenous fluid resuscitation in HIV patients hospitalized with AP to prevent acute kidney injury may be helpful to improve clinical outcomes.