Diversity and Toxigenicity of Fungi that Cause Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot.

The identity of the fungi responsible for fruitlet core rot (FCR) disease in pineapple has been the subject of investigation for some time. This study describes the diversity and toxigenic potential of fungal species causing FCR in La Reunion, an island in the Indian Ocean. One-hundred-and-fifty fungal isolates were obtained from infected and healthy fruitlets on Reunion Island and exclusively correspond to two genera of fungi: Fusarium and Talaromyces. The genus Fusarium made up 79% of the isolates, including 108F. ananatum, 10F. oxysporum, and oneF. proliferatum. The genus Talaromyces accounted for 21% of the isolated fungi, which were allTalaromyces stollii. As the isolated fungal strains are potentially mycotoxigenic, identification and quantification of mycotoxins were carried out on naturally or artificially infected diseased fruits and under in vitro cultures of potential toxigenic isolates. Fumonisins B(1)and B-2(FB1-FB2) and beauvericin (BEA) were found in infected fruitlets of pineapple and in the culture media of Fusarium species. Regarding the induction of mycotoxin in vitro,F.proliferatumproduced 182 mg kgb;(1)of FB1 and F. oxysporumproduced 192 mg kgb;(1)of BEA. These results provide a better understanding of the causal agents of FCR and their potential risk to pineapple consumers.