Age moderates the association between psychological distress and engagement in mindfulness among cancer patients and survivors: A population-based study.

Purpose:We aim to evaluate the relationship between psychological distress and engagement in mindfulness among a national representative sample of cancer survivors. Sample and design:Using the 2017 National Health Interview Survey, our final analytical sample included 3068 participants who reported having been diagnosed with cancer. Methods and analysis:We used logistic regression analysis to assess the association and to test age as a moderator. We also conducted follow-up analysis using Fisher'sr-to-ztransformation. All analyses were adjusted for complex sample weights. Findings:Cancer survivors who had subclinical and clinical psychological distress were more likely to engage in mindfulness, OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.24, 2.02] and OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.02, 2.05], respectively. Age significantly moderated such association with the relationship much stronger among those who are younger (younger than 65 years old) than those who are older (65 years or older),b = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.99]. Conclusions:The relationship between psychological distress and engagement in mindfulness differs significantly by a survivor's age. Psychosocial oncological providers need to account for a survivor's age when delivering mindfulness based care to address psychological distress. Implications:Providers should be mindful of a survivor's age when recommending mindfulness oriented practices.