The issue of eosin fading: A combined spectroscopic and mass spectrometric approach applied to historical lakes

The huge number of complex formulations of synthetic dyes and pigments commercialized in the 19th century makes their comprehensive characterization both difficult and fundamental for their successful identifications in artworks. The description of the exact starting composition of a wide collection of reference materials is preliminary to the study of the challenging photo-degradation processes in which most of the early synthetic dyes and pigments are involved.