Electronic Dynamics Through Conical Intersections Via Quasiclassical Mapping Hamiltonian Methods

In this work, we investigate the ability of different quasiclassical mapping Hamiltonian methods to simulate the dynamics of electronic transitions through conical intersections. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the linear vibronic coupling (LVC) model. The methods compared are the Ehrenfest method, the symmetrical quasiclassical method, and several variations of the linearized semiclassical (LSC) method, including ones that are based on the recently introduced modified representation of the identity operator. The accuracy of the various methods is tested by comparing their predictions to quantum-mechanically exact results obtained via the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method. The LVC model is found to be a nontrivial benchmark model that can differentiate between different approximate methods based on their accuracy better than previously used benchmark models. In the three systems studied, two of the LSC methods are found to provide the most accurate description of electronic transitions through conical intersections.