Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Microalgae

Marine microalgae from the divisions Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Haptophyta, Rhodophyta, and cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta) are increasingly used for designing novel antibacterial agents. The present review summarizes information on the antimicrobial activities of these organisms. Particular attention is paid to abiotic factors (light, temperature, salinity, pH of the environment, and nutrients) that enhance their bactericidal properties. The mechanisms of action and the methods for extraction of bioactive substances are analyzed. Species that have a potential to inhibit bacterial growth are noted. A number of microalgae preparations that have undergone clinical trials, those already used to treat bacterial infections, and the species that can serve a basis for designing novel antibiotics are discussed.