Sleep, Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, and the Aging Brain: Challenges and Opportunities

•Sleep deterioration is a common feature of normal and pathological aging.•Sleep abnormalities can trigger or exacerbate AD clinical symptoms and pathophysiology.•TMS can help investigating neural substrates of sleep and identify prognostic AD biomarkers.•tES can manipulate sleep to enhance memory consolidation and sleep efficiency.•Overall, brain stimulation could help improve sleep quality and protein clearance in healthy elderly and AD patients.