Borehole acoustic full-waveform inversion

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique that has the po-tential for building high-resolution elastic velocity models. We ap-ply this technique to wireline monopole acoustic logging data to image the near-wellbore formation velocity structures, which can be used in a fluid intrusion evaluation. Our FWI workflow is es-tablished in cylindrical coordinates instead of Cartesian coordi-nates to adapt to the borehole geometry. Assuming that the acoustic logging tool is centralized and formation properties are azimuthally invariant, we can simplify the problem to two di-mensions in the inversion. Synthetic tests find that the high -res-olution P-and S-wave velocity model around the borehole could be successfully inverted using FWI once a reasonable starting velocity model is given. However, borehole FWI differs from seis-mic FWI in that strong borehole-guided waves exist near the bore-hole wall due to the elastic effects. The borehole-guided waves have little sensitivity to velocity away from the borehole wall. In addition, it is difficult to simultaneously match the waveform of the body waves and guided waves in synthetic data and field data. Therefore, for field data applications, we propose to obtain the formation velocity structures around the borehole by FWI us-ing only the first arrived P waves. The field data tests find that the proposed method is applicable for inverting the P-wave velocity structure around the borehole with a similar resolution compared with ray-tracing tomography. FWI may achieve higher resolution in field applications in the future with better assumptions made in the forward modeling and using more information in the field data.