End-User Input into the Design and Validation of a Synthetic Thoracoscopic Esophageal Atresia/Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula Simulator

Introduction: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is challenging. We addressed this by designing a fully synthetic simulator of the procedure and described the design process and how its content validity was assessed. Methods: An iterative design and assessment of content validity was undertaken in three stages. Data were collected from participants who trialed the model and completed a survey of their experience (adapted from Barsness et al.). Results: The model was trialed by participants of varying experience. Each design refinement improved the model's fidelity and validity. For the last iteration of the simulator, the observed averages (out of a maximum of 5) were: value as a training tool 4.8, relevance 4.6, physical attributes 4.5, realism of material 4.25, realism experience 4.17, and ability to perform tasks 3.77. Conclusion: An iterative design process based on end-user feedback has led to a synthetic simulator that has achieved a high level of content validity. This model has advantages over other EA/TEF simulators in that it is relatively inexpensive and does not use animal tissue, thus removing ethical and procurement issues. It was rated highly for its value and relevance to training.