Validating and assessing the oral health-related quality of life among Hungarian children with cleft lip and palate using Child-OIDP scale

Aims To validate the Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) in the Hungarian language and to explore the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and associated factors among Hungarian children with cleft lip or/and palate (CLP). Methods This cross-sectional study consists of a survey and clinical examination among conveniently selected children with CLP visiting the Pécs cleft lip and palate clinic, Pécs, Hungary. OHRQoL was assessed using the Hungarian version of Child-OIDP. Additionally, a validated structural questionnaire was used for gathering information related to oral hygiene practice. Clinical examination was done to register the dental status using ICDAS criteria, consequences of untreated dental caries (pufa), and bleeding on probing. Results were presented as proportions, means, and standard deviations (SD). Construct validity and internal reliability of the Hungarian Child-OIDP was assessed using the Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients, respectively. The logistic regression model examined the association between OHRQoL and explanatory variables. Results A total of 45 children with CLP participated in this study. The Hungarian Child-OIDP had the Cronbach's alpha value 0.73, and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.31. The mean (SD) Child-OIDP score among the study participants was 4.4 (7.0) and three-fifths (65.9%, n = 27) of the participants reported impact in one or more items of the OHRQoL scale. Tooth brushing was more frequent among 6−10-year-olds compared to 11−16-year-olds. The proportion of those requiring restorative treatment need (DS ≥ 1) was 90.2% ( n = 37), those with PUFA/pufa (score ≥ 1) was 24.4% ( n = 10), and those with bleeding on probing (> 15%) was 63.4% ( n = 26). Children aged 11–16 years had a higher impact on OHRQoL compared to the younger ones. Girls had a higher impact on OHRQoL compared to boys. Children with clefts involving both lip and palate had poorer OHRQoL than the rest. The same was true for those having a high dental caries rate. Conclusion The Hungarian Child-OIDP was a reliable and valid measure. There was a substantial impact on OHRQoL among Hungarian children and adolescents with CLP. Age, gender, cleft type and dental caries were associated with poor OHRQoL.