Formulation and assessment of nano-encapsulated bioherbicides based on biopolymers and essential oil

•Nano-encapsulation of essential oil increased its herbicidal activity.•18 formulations of savory essential oil nano-encapsulation were evaluated.•Formulation with slower release rate showed higher phytotoxic ability.•Possible mechanism of action of the applied formulations was investigated.•Nano-encapsulated essential oil has potential for use as natural herbicide.