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Baseline radioecological data for the soil and selected bioindicator organisms in the temperate forest of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research(2020)

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摘要
The aim of this study was to provide baseline radioecological data for the temperate forest ecosystem in Plitvice Lakes National Park. Emphasis was placed on the determination of naturally occurring radionuclides since there is an acknowledged lack of data for these radionuclides in non-accident conditions in wildlife, even for bioindicator organisms. Activity concentrations of 238 U, 226 Ra, 210 Pb, 232 Th, 40 K, 134 Cs, and 137 Cs were measured by gamma spectrometry in soil and bioindicators: earthworms, conifer needles, mosses, and lichens. From the measured activity concentrations, concentration ratios were calculated to quantify the transfer of these radionuclides from soil to bioindicators. Our results show that soil activity concentrations are biased toward results from other studies conducted within the Dinaric mountain region. However, in moss and lichen samples, we measured higher activity concentrations of 226 Ra and lower activity concentrations of 40 K and 137 Cs in comparison to similar studies. Also, we estimated lower concentration ratios for all radionuclides from soil to these organisms, except for 210 Pb, in comparison to generic values. The transfer of 238 U was generally low for all of the bioindicator organisms. For conifer needles, a correlation was found between activity concentrations of 226 Ra and 137 Cs in soil and related concentration ratios. Correlation was also found between the activity concentration of 40 K in soil and transfer of 40 K and 137 Cs to mosses and lichens. A comparison with literature data highlighted the lack of 226 Ra related concentration ratios for conifer trees and especially for earthworms. Therefore, the results of this study could supplement the sparse data currently available on radionuclide background data in similar ecosystems and related soil-to-wildlife transfer of radionuclides. Dose rate assessments, performed by the ERICA Tool, estimated that 96% of the overall exposure of wildlife in the Park area is due to the background dose rates, while 0.06 μGy h −1 on average can be attributed as an incremental dose rate from 134 Cs and 137 Cs.
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关键词
Uranium, Thorium, Radium, Plant, Soil, Background, Radionuclide, Radioecology
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