Long-term reproductive success is predicted by sexual behavior and impaired by temporary nutritional stress during sexual maturation.

•Nutritional stress during sexual maturation reduced long-term fitness, despite the return of good nutrition.•Females that had been nutritionally stressed during sexual maturation were less likely to produce eggs in the next 32 days.•In females that did produce at least one egg, the number of offspring was not affected by the female's sexual maturation diet.•The magnitude of long-term offspring production was predicted by initial female receptivity to mating.