Role of chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF and VDR in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background. The SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodeling complex enables glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) to function correctly and is engaged in inflammation response. The SWI/SNF may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the following: 1) the gene and protein expression of the SWI/SNF complex subunits in sinonasal mucosa; 2) relation of SWI/SNF complex and VDR expression; and 3) correlation with clinical data. Material and methods. The study population consisted of 52 subjects with CRS without nasal polyps, 55 with CRS with nasal polyps and 59 controls. The SWI/SNF protein expression level was analyzed in immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) was stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and vitamin D3 (vitD3) in vitro. The transcript level of the SWI/SNF subunits was measured with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. In the control group, the intensity of the IHC staining for SWI/SNF subunits was significantly higher than in both groups of patients with CRS (p < 0.05). A positive correlation of the SWI/SNF protein expression was noticed with VDR expression level (p < 0.043). Association between SWI/SNF protein expression level and allergy, neutrophils and body mass index (BMI) has been observed (p < 0.05). The decreased transcript level of the SWI/SNF subunits genes in HNECs was observed after LPS stimulation and increased after vitD3 stimulation. Conclusions. The SWI/SNF complex may influence CRS through steroid hormone signaling and VDR. Thus, modification in therapy may be mandatory in patients with CRS and altered SWI/SNF signaling, reflecting resistance to steroids treatment.