PTFE-covered TIPS is an effective treatment for secondary preventing variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with high risks

Aim To compare the effectiveness and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with endoscopic therapy plus non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) for secondary prevention of gasroesophageal variceal bleeding (GEVB) in cirrhotic patients with high-risk factors of treatment failure. Methods and material: A total of 122 cirrhotic patients with history of gasroesophageal variceal bleeding and high factors including hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) >= 20 mmHg, portal vein thrombosis (PVT), gastrorenal shunt (GRS), or extraluminal para-gastric veins (ep-GVs) detected by endoscopic ultrasound, were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy-seven patients underwent TIPS with PTFE-covered stent (group A) and 102 patients received endoscopic therapy combined with nonselective beta-blockers (NSBBs) (group B). According to above high-risk factors, both groups were stratified into four paired subgroups (A1-A4 and B1-B4). Two-year rebleeding rate, overt hepatic encephalopathy, overall survival, and procedure-related adverse events were compared between the two groups and paired subgroups. Results: The 2-year cumulative probability of free of variceal rebleeding was higher in group A than group B (93 vs. 62%,P < 0.001). Similarly, the 2-year cumulative probability of free of variceal rebleeding was also higher in the subgroups A1-A4 than the subgroups B1-B4 (91 vs. 67%,P = 0.022, 90 vs. 67%,P = 0.021, 94 vs. 59%,P = 0.029, and 90 vs. 58%,P = 0.016, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups and corresponding subgroups in overt hepatic encephalopathy and survival. Conclusion: Compared to secondary prophylaxis with endoscopic therapy plus NSBBs, polytetrafluoroethylene-covered TIPS could significantly reduce the variceal rebleeding rate in cirrhotic patients with HVPG >= 20 mmHg, PVT, GRS, or ep-GVs, without increasing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.