Characterization of 3D-printed capacitors created by fused filament fabrication using electrically-conductive filament

Desktop fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers (3D printers) are ubiquitous rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM) devices used by small and large companies as well as hobbyists. Their attractiveness stems from the inexpensive hardware, inexpensive plastic materials, affordable CAD environments, and short training times. This research explores design of capacitors as passive electrical elements created by the FFF printing process using electrically-conductive graphene - polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Capacitors (6.5 pF to 63.9 pF) are designed, constructed, and characterized. A number of tests are performed resulting in a set of build recommendations. With this capability to directly create capacitors integrated within 3D printed physical objects designers can produce new and/or improved electrical and mechatronic devices.