A Joint Modelling Approach to Analyze Risky Decisions by Means of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Behavioural Data.

Understanding dependencies between brain functioning and cognition is a challenging task which might require more than applying standard statistical models to neural and behavioural measures to be accomplished. Recent developments in computational modelling have demonstrated the advantage to formally account for reciprocal relations between mathematical models of cognition and brain functional, or structural, characteristics to relate neural and cognitive parameters on a model-based perspective. This would allow to account for both neural and behavioural data simultaneously by providing a joint probabilistic model for the two sources of information. In the present work we proposed an architecture for jointly modelling the reciprocal relation between behavioural and neural information in the context of risky decision-making. More precisely, we offered a way to relate Diffusion Tensor Imaging data to cognitive parameters of a computational model accounting for behavioural outcomes in the popular Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Results show that the proposed architecture has the potential to account for individual differences in task performances and brain structural features by letting individual-level parameters to be modelled by a joint distribution connecting both sources of information. Such a joint modelling framework can offer interesting insights in the development of computational models able to investigate correspondence between decision-making and brain structural connectivity.