Targeted prostate biopsy using a cognitive fusion of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound in patients with previously negative systematic biopsies and non-suspicious digital rectal exam.

Aim To compare cognitive fusion targeted and systematic prostate biopsy in patients with repeated negative systematic biopsy but persistent clinical suspicion for prostate cancer. Methods The study enrolled 63 patients with at least one previously negative systematic biopsy who underwent targeted prostate biopsy using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in addition to standardized systematic biopsy from July 2016 to May 2018. Multiparametric MRI was performed with 3 Tesla device by uro-radiologists experienced in prostate cancer. Lesions with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3, 4, and 5 were considered suspicious. Targeted biopsies were performed with cognitive fusion of TRUS and mpMRI. Results Prostate cancer detection, using either targeted or systematic biopsy, was 60.32%. Targeted biopsies were positive in 52.38% and systematic biopsies in 47.62% of patients. The median highest percentage of cancer involvement per biopsy core was significantly higher in targeted cylinders. The biopsies obtained by using the two techniques did not significantly differ in Gleason score. Conclusion Cognitive targeted prostate biopsy based on mpMRI presents a valuable addition to systematic biopsy in patients with repeated negative systematic biopsies but persistent clinical suspicion of prostate cancer.