Facial growth changes in a Colombian Mestizo population: An 18-year follow-up longitudinal study using linear mixed models.

INTRODUCTION:Currently, a standard of reference for longitudinal facial growth parameters for South American mestizos is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we describe an 18-year follow-up of craniofacial growth from 6 to 24 years of age in a Colombian mestizo population, and an analysis of facial growth beyond 18 years of age. METHODS:This 18-year follow-up longitudinal study was conducted in Medellín, Colombia. The study sample consisted of 49 mestizo subjects with normal facial features and no history of orthodontic treatment. Measurements of cranial base length, maxillary and mandibular length, posterior and anterior facial height, lower anterior facial height, and mandibular plane angle were documented at an X-ray magnification of 10%. Data were subjected to linear mixed model analysis. RESULTS:Changes in cephalometric measurements were detected during the 18-year follow-up and were significantly affected by age and sex. Pubertal growth spurts were between 12 and 14 years for females, and between 14 and 16 years of age for males. Mandibular plane angle decreased in both females and males during the 18-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Age and sex significantly affect craniofacial growth in mestizos in Columbia. Beyond 18 years of age, craniofacial growth is important. Our data do not support sexual dimorphism in mandibular rotation in young adults.