Characterization of Congestion in Distribution Network Considering High Penetration of PV Generation and EVs

Congestion management plays a key role in safe and efficient operation of electric networks. Regarding the congestion in distribution systems, which tends to include a large number of photovoltaic (PV) systems and charging stations of electric vehicles (EVs), the identification of congestion characteristics should be taken into consideration for an improved satisfaction of customers. This paper at first discusses the limitations of traditional congestion definition, then characterizes congestion and congestion management procedures in distribution network. Besides, metrics of congestion both in short-term and long-term horizon are proposed. Simulation tests on IEEE-33 bus distribution test system illustrate the impacts of the presence of PV generation and EV charging station on violations of current and voltage limits that are the two main reasons for congestion. An effective control algorithm of PV units and EV charging stations can play an essential role in the mitigation of congestions.