Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: A systematic review of prospective evidence

•SAM system and HPA axis reactivity predict future health and disease outcomes.•Exaggerated and blunted responses predict different health and disease outcomes.•Reactivity-related health and disease outcomes are both physical and mental.•Intermediate stress responses (“Goldilocks” responses) may be the most adaptive.•A “bidirectional multi-system reactivity hypothesis” is proposed.