Extreme climate variability weakens a major tropical agricultural hub

•The agro-climatic zonification of citrus is the first one of its kind in Colombia.•Citrus are good indicators of ecological risk in the eastern plains of Colombia.•Extreme climate variability affected the climatic space of the citrus growing regions.•High citrus production areas in the Orinoquia region are under high vulnerability.•The most important agricultural hub of Bogota faces new management challenges.