Dietary phospholipids: Role in cognitive processes across the lifespan

•Dietary interventions are useful and easy tools to manipulate brain functions.•Chronic stress and ageing lead to deficits in cognitive processes in humans and rodents.•Human and preclinical studies showed the positive impact of phospholipid-enriched diets on cognitive processes in health and disease.•The phospholipid supplementation could act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the microbiota-gut-brain axis to exert its beneficial effects on brain health.