A comprehensive review of Cr , Ti-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries

The anode material plays a crucial role in the reliability and safety of Li-ion batteries. Among various of anode materials, Cr, Ti-based anode materials, including LiCrTiO 4 , Li 5 Cr 9 Ti 4 O 24 , and Li 5 Cr 7 Ti 6 O 25 , have caught much attention because of the obvious advantages, such as high potential plateau (about 1.55 V vs. Li/Li + ) and minimum chance for the formation of solid electrolyte interphase film and dendritic lithium, which remarkably improves the and safety and cycling stability. Nonetheless, the poor ionic conductivity limits the large-scale applications. At present, many effective strategies have been used to enhance the electrochemical property, and several significant progresses have been also made. A comprehensive review of the recent progresses, including crystal structure, lithium storage mechanism, synthesis, modification, and morphology control, were summarized systematically. The critical challenges and future perspectives of Cr, Ti-based anode materials were highlighted.