A Low-Power 40-Gb/s Pre-Emphasis PAM-4 Transmitter With Toggling Serializers
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs(2020)
Abstract
We demonstrate a 40-Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter having 2-tap pre-emphasis, whose power consumption is significantly reduced by the use of toggling serializers. In addition, a new type of PAM-4 source-series terminated driver is proposed, which enables an easy control of pre-emphasis gain while maintaining impedance matching. A prototype 40-Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter containing these circuit ideas are successfully realized in 28-nm CMOS technology. It occupies 0.006 mm(2) and achieves energy efficiencies of 1.2 pJ/bit for 40-Gb/s operation without any pre-emphasis, and 1.68 pJ/bit with 9.54 dB pre-emphasis gain.
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Key words
PAM-4 transmitter,toggling serializer,pre-emphasized PAM-4,SST driver,high speed serial link,multiphase,PAM-4 receiver
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