Arctigenin prevents the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting PI3K/Akt/NF-B axis: In vitro and in vivo studies

Osteoarthritis (OA), which is principally featured by progressive joint metabolic imbalance and subsequent degeneration of articular cartilage, is a common chronic joint disease. Arctigenin (ATG), a dietary phyto-oestrogen, has been described to have potent anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, its protective effects on OA have not been clearly established. The target of our following study is to evaluate the protective effects of ATG on IL-1 beta-induced human OA chondrocytes and mouse OA model. Our results revealed that the ATG pre-treatment effectively decreases the level of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitrous oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in IL-1 beta-induced human chondrocytes. In addition, ATG protects against the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) under the stimulation of IL-1 beta and the possible mechanism might be connected with the inactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) axis. Furthermore, a powerful binding capacity between ATG and PI3K was also uncovered in our molecular docking research. Meanwhile, ATG may act as a protector on the mouse OA model. Collectively, all these findings suggest that ATG could be utilized as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.