Neoadjuvant apatinib plus S-1 in locally advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: About one-third of the lung tumors are staged as locally advanced at the time of initial diagnosis; however, the optimal induction treatment before curative resection has not been elucidated. To date, the evidence regarding the preoperative apatinib plus S-1 for locally advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma is scarce. Patient concerns: A 29-year-old female was admitted because of persistent cough, sputum, and chest distress for 2 months. Diagnoses: Primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (cT3N2M0, IIIB) with unknown driver gene mutation status. Interventions: The patient had received 4 months of neoadjuvant therapy using oral apatinib (425 mg daily) plus S-1 (60 mg, twice daily for 4 weeks with a 2-week drug-free interval), followed by anatomical lobectomy with curative intent. Adjuvant apatinib (425 mg daily for a month, and 250 mg daily for another month) plus S-1 at the same dosage were administered for 2 months. Thereafter, maintenance of low-dose S-1 monotherapy (40 mg, twice daily for 4 weeks with a 2-week drug-free interval) was continued for 6 months. Outcomes: The adverse events were tolerable and well-controlled. A postoperative recurrence-free survival for 2 years and a half up to now was indicated. Lessons: Preoperative apatinib plus S-1 showed efficacy in locally advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, high-quality trials are warranted before the recommendation of this therapeutic regimen.