Ocular Complications in School-Age Children and Adolescents after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

PURPOSE: To determine the ocular complications in school-age children and adolescents surviving at least 1 year following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: In this institutional study, 162 patients (7-18 years old) met our inclusion criteria with a mean age of 13.4 years at bone marrow transplantation. Follow-up ranged from 13 months to 12 years (mean 4 years; median 3.2 years). Patient charts were screened for cataract formation, dry eye, and other anterior and posterior segment diseases. RESULTS: Cataract formation was noted in 57 patients. Univariate analysis showed that fractionated total body irradiation, race, and use of cytarabine significantly increased the incidence of cataract formation (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis of significant variables showed that total body irradiation was a risk factor for cataract formation. Of the 57 patients (97 eyes) who developed cataracts after bone marrow transplantation, 4 patients (6 eyes) required cataract surgery. After surgery, all patients had visual acuities of 20/20 to 20/25. Of the 162 patients, 51 developed dry eyes. Univariate analysis showed that age at transplantation; steroid use, chronic graft-versus-host disease; use of fludarabine, melphalan, and thiotepa; and receiving no pretransplantation conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplant significantly increased the risk of dry eye syndrome (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, chronic graft-versus-host disease was a significant risk factor for dry eye syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high incidence of cataract formation and dry eye disease in this population, this study proposes these patients be screened using examinations by a pediatric or general ophthalmologist at least every year. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.