Heavy-tailed random walks, buffered queues and hidden large deviations

It is well-known that large deviations of random walks driven by independent and identically distributed heavy-tailed random variables are governed by the so-called principle of one large jump. We note that further subtleties hold for such random walks in the large deviations scale which we call hidden large deviations. Our results are illustrated using two examples. First, we apply this idea in the context of queueing processes with heavy-tailed service times and study approximations of probabilities of severe congestion times for (buffered) queues. We exhibit our techniques by using limit measures from different large deviation regimes to provide a unified estimate of rare event probabilities in a simulated queue. Furthermore, we use our result to provide probability estimates of rare events governed by more than one jump in case the innovations of a random walk have infinite mean.