Effect of Antibiotic Bone Cement Chain Bead Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Large Femoral Bone Defect

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells with the characteristics of high-amplification, multi-directional differentiation, hematopoiesis and immune regulation. Their maintenance, regeneration, and repair of tissues and organs have become the frontier of life science research. The use of reasonable antibiotics on the basis of thorough debridement is critical for effective control of infection. 25 rats were used to establish the femur large segmental bone defects model and randomly divided into 5 groups, group A: control group (no treatment), group B: surgery group; group C: surgery+ antibiotic bone cement chain bead group; Group D: surgery+ MSCs group; and group E: surgery+ antibiotic bone cement chain beads+ MSCs group. Osteophyte was collected at 4 weeks after modeling. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by real-time PCR and western blot. The expressions of BMP2 and VEGF showed no statistical differences between group C and group D on the 4th week postoperatively ( P > 0.05). However, their expressions were significantly different between group C and group B (P < 0.05), which were different in group E compared with group C and D (P < 0.05). Antibiotic bone cement chain bead combined with MSCs significantly increased BMP2 and VEGF expressions in large femoral bone defect.